Abstract of the Article Published in the Arabic Section of the Sudan Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 1(1); 2023
Original Article
The Creation of Man in the Holly
Qur’an “The
Phenotype and the Genotype”, 2023
Mubarak Mohammed
Ali Majzoub, MD, FRCPath
Professor
of Pathology, University of Gezira, Sudan.
Director of the National
Committee of Bioethics; and Chair of the Board
of Trustees; Al-Fajr College for Science and Technology, Khartoum,
Sudan.
Abstract (Translation from Arabic)1:
Many scholars wrote and spoke about the beginning of
creation, and many of them believed
in the theory of evolution
and natural selection, which was known by the name of Charles
Darwin in 1859.
This theory was scientifically
refuted beyond any doubt, so that many scientists no longer believe
in it. We
-as Muslims- believe that the first creation of man was
our Father Adam, peace be upon him. Allah created him with His absolute will. The Almighty said in the Holy Qur’an:
|
59. The similitude of Jesus before
God is as that of Adam: He created him from dust then said to him: “Be” and
he was. |
٥٩- إِنَّ مَثَلَ
عِيسَىٰ عِندَ اللَّـهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ ۖ خَلَقَهُ مِن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ
كُن فَيَكُونُ ◯ |
|
Surat Al Imarn
(Family of Imran) |
|
On the other hand, Allah
created our Mother Eve from our Father Adam, with His absolute will. Since
then, reproduction of mankind is known to be generated from products of both
male and female through known stages mentioned in great detail in the Holly Qur’an.
These stages came in unique scientific terms recognized recently by modern
embryologists. The Almighty said:
|
12. Man We did create from a
quintessence (of clay) ; 13. Then We placed him as a drop of mingled products (of male and female);
in a place of rest, firmly fixed; 14. Then We made the drop into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We
made a lump (fetus); then We made out of that lump bones and clothed the
bones with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature. So blessed be
God, The Best to create! |
١٢-وَلَقَدْ
خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سُلَالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ ◯ ١٣- ثُمَّ
جَعَلْنَاهُ نُطْفَةً فِي قَرَارٍ مَكِينٍ ◯ ١٤- ثُمَّ
خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْعَلَقَةَ مُضْغَةً فَخَلَقْنَا
الْمُضْغَةَ عِظَامًا فَكَسَوْنَا الْعِظَامَ لَحْمًا ثُمَّ أَنْشَأْنَاهُ
خَلْقًا آخَرَ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّـهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ ◯ |
|
Surat Al-Mu’minoon (The Believers); Ayat
(12-14) |
|
The sperm
from the male fertilizes the egg from the female. The fertilized egg carries
all the genetic information of the fetus, known as the “human genome”. This human genome
manifests itself either
as evident features
of the fetus (phenotypes) or act as a reservoir of features which appear later
in life when needed (genotype). The Almighty said:
|
98. It is He who has
produced you from a single
person: here is a place of sojourn (temporary stay) and a place of repository
(a store-place where things are kept until needed);
We detail Our signs
for people who understand. |
٩٨-وَهُوَ الَّذِي
أَنشَأَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَمُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمُسْتَوْدَعٌ ۗ قَدْ
فَصَّلْنَا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَفْقَهُون ◯ |
|
Surat Al-An’am (The Cattle) |
|
In this article I propose that the concept of “Phenotype” (currently evident features of the “being”) has been
described in the Qur’an as a “sojourn”
(current status of the “being”). While the concept of “Genotype” (the part of the genome that remains uncharacterized to
serve as a reservoir of features which appear later
in life when needed) is expressed
in the Qur’an as a “repository”
(a store-place where things are kept until needed).
It is the
scientific miracle of the Qur’an that, almost 15 centuries ago, so precisely
described the functions of the two sides of the genome. This has only been
recently recognized. And Allah Knows Best.
Key words: Evolution Theory,
Human Genome, Phenotype, Genotype, Scientific miracles in the Holy Qur’an
lSee full article in Arabic in the Arabic section of this issue of the Journal.